case analysis
Introduction The Supreme Court of India's 2018 decision in the case of Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India marked a milestone in the affirmation of LGBTQ+ rights in India. The case addressed the constitutional validity of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which criminalized adult consensual same-sex relations. This decision was significant as it overturned colonial-era laws that had persisted for over 150 years, reflecting India's evolving legal and social landscape. The case represented a broader struggle for equality, privacy, and human rights, challenging the legal framework that had long marginalized LGBTQ+ individuals. It also underscored the importance of constitutional morality over societal morality, emphasizing that fundamental rights cannot be denied based on majoritarian views or historical prejudices. The verdict was the elimination of decades of activism, legal battles, and changing societal attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals. It follow...